Urology FAQ: Common Questions and Concerns within Urology

What is Urology?

It is completely normal to have questions or concerns about urologic health—many people do. Starting the conversation early can lead to better outcomes. This FAQ answers some of the most frequently asked questions in simple, straightforward language to help you feel more informed and at ease.

Urology Basics

  1. What is urology?

Urology is defined by the American Urological Association and the Urology Care Foundation as “the medical and surgical discipline that provides adult and pediatric care for male and female patients with genitourinary tract and adrenal gland diseases and conditions.” In simple terms, urology is the medical practice focused on the male and female urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) and male reproductive organs (penis, testes, scrotum, prostate, etc.).

  1. What does a urologist do?

Urologists have vast knowledge of internal medicine, pediatrics, gynecology and other parts of health care. There are seven subspecialties within urology: pediatric urology, urologic oncology, renal transplant, male infertility, calculi (urinary tract stones), female urology, and neurourology. Urologists are trained for the diagnosis and treatment of urological concerns, including surgery when necessary.

  • Are all urologists surgeons?

While all urologists are trained to perform surgery, some choose to focus on subsidiaries of urology that do not involve surgery. Each of the urologists at Ackerman Urology creates personalized patient treatment plans that may involve minor procedures.

Common Symptoms and Concerns

  1. When should I see a urologist?

You should see a urologist if you are experiencing persistent problems with your urinary or reproductive systems.

Symptoms to watch for include:

  • Blood in the urine
  • Frequent urination
  • Pain with urination
  • Incontinence
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Changes in urination
  • Pelvic pain
  • Kidney stones
  • Recurrent urinary tract infections (three or more per year)
  • Genital bleeding
  • Prostate concerns

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, please see a urologist as soon as possible.

Men’s Urology

  1. What is the difference between erectile dysfunction and low testosterone?

Erectile dysfunction is the inability to get and maintain an erection, while low testosterone is a deficiency in the male sex hormone testosterone. These conditions are not mutually exclusive. While low testosterone can cause erectile dysfunction, ED can occur with normal testosterone levels as well.

  1. What can I do to maintain strong prostate health?

There are several things you can do to maintain a healthy prostate. Make sure you are getting prostate exams as recommended, including PSA testing (blood test that measures prostate-specific antigen levels in the blood, elevated levels may indicate disease). There are also lifestyle adjustments you can make to maintain prostate health including, consistent exercise, eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, especially those rich in antioxidants, consuming omega-3 fatty acids instead of saturated and trans fats, and avoiding smoking.

  • How often should I get a Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test?

The American Urology Association recommends that men should begin receiving PSA screening at the age of 50, continuing screenings every two to four years. It is important to note that men with African American ancestry or individuals with a family history of prostate cancer should begin these screenings at the age of 40.

  1. How do I know when to get my testosterone levels checked?

Symptoms of low testosterone include low sex drive, erectile dysfunction, and even fatigue. If you are concerned about your testosterone levels, they can be checked with a simple blood test. Typically, testosterone levels should be between 300 and 1,000 nanograms per deciliter. However, these numbers can be affected by several factors including age, genetics, and medications.

Other Important Questions

  1. What should I expect at my first urology appointment?

For your first urology appointment, it is common for a urine sample to be collected and a physical exam to be conducted. Men will likely receive a prostate exam, while women will likely receive a pelvic exam. External genitalia will also be examined. You may be sent for a blood test as well (PSA, hormones, etc.).

  1. How many times a day should I be urinating?

On average, a healthy individual urinates between 6-7 times per day. However, 4-10 times per day can also be considered normal. If you find yourself urinating more than 8 times a day, you may be experiencing overactive bladder (OAB). OAB is a group of bladder symptoms. The three main symptoms include urgency, frequent urination (day and night), and urinary incontinence. OAB is very common, with 30% of older men and 40% of older women experiencing symptoms. If you are experiencing symptoms of OAB, it is recommended that you see a urologist to treat this condition.

  • What is the difference between a urologist and a nephrologist?

Nephrologists specialize in kidney health, focusing on diagnosing, treating, and managing kidney conditions and disease. However, nephrologists are not surgeons; they often work with urologists as needed for surgical intervention and kidney transplants.

Ackerman Urology is committed to providing you with the best possible urology care. Your health and comfort matter. It is perfectly normal to have questions or concerns. Whether you’re dealing with a specific symptom or just looking for answers, know that you’re not alone. Feel free to contact us with any additional questions you may have. Ackerman Urology is here to help guide you with compassion, expertise, and support—because taking care of yourself is always worth it.

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Carly Camera, MBA

Manager

Carly Camera joined Ackerman Cancer Center in July 2017 and played an integral role in the successful opening of Ackerman Urology in October 2019. She manages all Ackerman Urology locations, overseeing operations, supporting continued growth, and ensuring the delivery of high-quality, patient-centered care. Carly earned her MBA in Health Care Management and her MBA in Human Resource Management from Saint Leo University. Outside of work, she enjoys spending time with family and friends, time spent outdoors fishing or near the water, and watching sports.

Kali Molter, MBA

Community Relations Specialist

Kali Molter joined Ackerman Cancer Center in August 2024 and supports community outreach, marketing initiatives, and engagement efforts. She holds both a Master of Business Administration and a Bachelor of Business Administration in marketing from the University of North Florida. A Jacksonville native and Bishop Kenny alum, Kali is passionate about contributing to and strengthening the local community. She brings experience in hospitality and event management and serves on the Jacksonville Chamber’s NEXTUP JAX Professional Development and Community Engagement committees. Outside of work, Kali enjoys living at the beach, running and yoga, traveling, and is a lifelong Jacksonville Jaguars fan.

Timothy Scott, RTR, RTT, CMD

Manager, Dosimetry, Facilities, & Research

Tim Scott joined Ackerman Cancer Center in 2003 and brings nearly 40 years of experience in radiation oncology and medical dosimetry operations. He oversees medical dosimetry, facilities, special projects, and research and has played a key role in nearly every building project and major technology launch at the center. Tim is passionate about innovation and the development, construction, and commissioning of advanced treatment technologies, including proton therapy. Beyond his professional work, Tim serves as a worship pastor and is a brass musician. In his free time, he enjoys restoring classic cars and spending time on the lake.

Greg Sarkisov, BS

Director of Information Technology

Greg Sarkisov joined Ackerman Cancer Center in September 2019 and oversees all facets of information technology and information security within the organization. Greg has over twenty years of experience in information technology and security. With over six of those years in our practice, he has led initiatives to strengthen our core security and expand the use of various technologies to help aid our staff in providing effective and efficient patient care. Greg holds a Bachelor of Science degree in information systems security from ITT Technical Institute. Outside of work, he stays active in the community and is a member of the IT Council with the Jacksonville Chamber of Commerce. In his free time, Greg enjoys spending time with his family and friends.

Jennifer Zelaya, MHA

Director of Human Resources

Jenny Zelaya is the director of human resources at Ackerman Cancer Center and Ackerman Urology, where she oversees all HR functions and fosters a positive, inclusive workplace culture. She holds a master’s degree in health administration from the University of Miami and brings extensive experience in talent management, employee engagement, and regulatory compliance. Fluent in Spanish, Jennifer enjoys staying active outside of work, playing pickleball, golfing with friends and family, and spending time with her golden retriever, Lenny.

Amy Mousa, CPA

Director of Finance and Accounting

Amy Mousa joined Ackerman Cancer Center in November 2021 and serves as the director of finance and accounting. In her role, she oversees financial operations and supports the organization’s strategic and operational goals. Amy holds a Florida CPA license and earned her Bachelor of Business Administration in accounting from the University of North Florida. Outside of work, she enjoys staying active, traveling, and spending quality time with her family.

Gigi Ackerman Schwartz, MBA

Vice President, Operations

Gigi Ackerman Schwartz joined Ackerman Cancer Center in November 2020 and leads strategic planning initiatives across all departments, directs all aspects of revenue cycle management, and works to develop and maintain relationships with community partners. Gigi holds an MBA from Tulane University. A Jacksonville native, she is involved in several local charitable and civic organizations. She serves as chair of the Art in Public Places Committee for the Cultural Council of Greater Jacksonville, is a member of the National Young Leadership Cabinet, and is a trustee of the Jewish Community Alliance and Jacksonville Jewish Center. In her free time, Gigi enjoys playing mahjong, exploring new hobbies with friends, and spending time with her husband and two-year-old daughter.

Baylee Richter, BS

Community Relations Manager

Baylee Richter joined Ackerman Cancer Center in November 2024 and oversees digital campaigns, brand strategy, and community outreach and engagement. With more than eight years of experience in events and marketing, she has led initiatives that strengthen patient engagement, community awareness, and referral growth. Baylee holds a Bachelor of Science in hospitality and tourism management from Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania. Outside of work, she stays actively involved in the community through her service on the board of the American Lung Association. She also supports the American Cancer Society’s Cowford Ball as a member of the children’s art project committee and contributes to the Jacksonville Chamber’s NEXTUP JAX program, serving on two committees. In her free time, Baylee enjoys spending time with her Australian Shepherd, Cooper, and cheering on the Pittsburgh Steelers.